• Damage to software, websites, and data

  • Breach response (legal advice, forensic experts, customer notification)

  • Ransom and extortion costs

  • Loss of revenue due to cyberattacks

  • Customer notification and monitoring costs

  • Social engineering fraud and unauthorised network access

  • Regulatory defence costs and certain fines (where insurable)

  • Liabilities to third parties, including data breaches, virus transmission, and copyright infringement.